“Aging in place” refers to living independently,  safely, and comfortably in one’s home for as long as possible, and it’s an important goal for many older adults and their families. Without home modifications and additional support from others, however, unexpected medical events and declines in health can make it challenging to remain in one’s home. Over January and February 2022, the University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging asked a national sample of adults age 50–80 about their perspectives on aging in place, their homes, and available social supports.

Considering aging in place

The majority of adults age 50–80 (88%) felt it is important to remain in their homes for as long as possible (62% very important, 26% somewhat important), and 12% rated it not important.

One in seven older adults (15%) said they have given a lot of consideration to what modifications their home may need to be able to stay there as they age, 38% have given some consideration, 26% little consideration, and 21% no consideration. Adults age 65–80 were more likely to have given consideration (a lot or some) to the home modifications needed to age in place compared with those age 50–64 (59% vs. 48%), as were people who have a self-reported disability, impairment, or chronic health condition that limits their activities compared with those who do not (62% vs. 48%).

About one in five older adults (21%) had moved in  the past five years; of those, 52% moved to a home that was easier to get around, 49% moved to a smaller home, 34% moved closer to relatives, and 11% moved in with relatives or had relatives move in with them.

Home features

One in three adults age 50–80 (34%) said their home definitely has the necessary features that would allow them to age in place, 47% said it probably does, and 19% said it does not. Those age 50–64 were more likely than those age 65–80 to say their home did not have the necessary features (24% vs. 13%), as were those who self-reported their physical health as fair or poor compared with those who rated their physical health as excellent, very good, or good (31% vs. 16%), and those who rated their mental health as fair or poor compared with those who rated their mental health as excellent, very good, or good (41% vs. 16%).

The most common accessibility features older adults reported having in their home were a main floor bathroom (88%) and bedroom (78%). About half (54%) had door frames in their homes wide enough for a wheelchair to pass through, 32% had lever-style door handles, and 19% had home entrances with ramps or no stairs. Bathroom features included shower chairs or benches (36%), raised-height toilet seats (36%), or grab bars (32%), while 7% reported having barrier-free showers.

Half of older adults (49%) reported having at least one smart home device, i.e., technology that uses Wi-Fi and sensors to allow for communication between devices, remote monitoring, or voice control. The most common smart technologies reported included voice-controlled assistive devices (e.g., Echo, iHome, etc.) (21%), smart thermostats (18%), and doorbell cameras (16%). Fewer than 10% of older adults reported having each of the following devices specifically designed for safety: smart stove alarms, bath temperature monitors, water leak detectors, smart medication pillboxes, and/or emergency response systems.

Hoarding or excess clutter within homes can present a safety hazard and hinder accessibility. About one in ten older adults (9%) reported that it was difficult to use the main rooms in their home due to clutter or their number of possessions.

Social supports and assistance

More than one in four older adults (28%) reported living alone. Among all older adults, nearly three in five (58%) said they were very satisfied with their relationships with those close to them. When asked about social interactions over the past year, 77% had contact at least once a week with friends, family, or neighbors who did not live with them. People who reported having a disability, impairment, or chronic health condition that limits activities were less likely than people without disabilities to have contact with others outside their household at least once a week (68% vs. 80%) and were less likely to be very satisfied with their current social life (22% vs. 39%).

Two in five older adults (40%) did not know of places or organizations in their community that are welcoming for people their age to socialize, exercise, or participate in activities. Those age 50–64 were less likely to know of these community organizations than those age 65–80, as were older adults who live in rural areas compared with those who live in urban areas.

The majority of older adults said they have someone in their life who could help with grocery shopping (84%), household chores (80%) and managing their finances (79%) and two in three (67%) said they had someone who could help with personal care. Those who live alone were more likely to say that do not have someone to help with personal care compared with those who live with someone (48% vs. 27%).

About one in five adults age 50–80 (19%) said they were very confident they could afford to pay for help with household chores, grocery shopping, personal care, and managing finances, 38% were somewhat confident, 27% were not very confident, and 16% were not at all confident. Adults age 65–80 were more confident (very or somewhat) about their ability to afford these services compared with those age 50–64 (62% vs. 53%). More than three in five older adults who reported fair or poor mental or physical health said they were not very or not at all confident that they could afford to pay for help.

Implications

The findings from this poll suggest that while most older adults feel it is very important for them to stay in their home as long as possible, many are not prepared to age in place. While about four in five older adults think their homes either definitely or probably have the features for them to be able to age in place, many reported their homes did not have common accessibility features, and nearly half reported they had given very little, if any, consideration to what home modifications would be needed. About half of older adults reported having at least one smart home device, which can help simplify tasks or allow family members and friends to provide support from a distance.

Though future disability needs may be unpredictable, successfully aging in place typically requires adequate social support in addition to having a home that is accessible. While some older adults have strong social connections within their family and community, others are more isolated and do not have people in their life they can rely on for help with personal care, household chores, grocery shopping, or managing finances, particularly those who live alone. Moreover, more than two in five older adults are not confident that they could afford to pay for additional help they might need.

A variety of community-based programs offer supportive services for older adults and people with disabilities, some of which may be low cost, covered by insurance, or available on a sliding scale basis. Organizations such as local Area Agencies on Aging can help connect older adults with programs and services that best suit their needs and facilitate aging in place. Family members and friends can be vital in helping older adults engage with these services. It is important to improve awareness of these services among older adults and their families and for these services to expand to meet the needs of a growing population.

Data Source and Methods

This National Poll on Healthy Aging report presents findings from a nationally representative household survey conducted exclusively by NORC at the University of Chicago for the University of Michigan’s Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation.

National Poll on Healthy Aging surveys are conducted using NORC’s AmeriSpeak probability-based panel. This survey module was administered online and via phone in January and February 2022 to a randomly selected, stratified group of U.S. adults age 50–80 (n=2,277). The sample was subsequently weighted to reflect population figures from the U.S. Census Bureau. The completion rate was 68% among panel members contacted to participate. The margin of error is ±1 to 3 percentage points for questions asked of the full sample and higher among subgroups.

Findings from the National Poll on Healthy Aging do not represent the opinions of the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan reserves all rights over this material.

Citation

Robinson-Lane S, Singer D, Kirch M, Solway E, Smith E, Kullgren J, Malani P. Older Adults' Preparedness to Age in Place. University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging. April 2022. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.7302/4278

Scholarly Publication

Robinson-Lane SG, Johnson FU, Tuyisenge MJ, et al. Racial and ethnic variances in preparedness for aging in place among US adults ages 50-80. Geriatr Nurs. 2023. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.09.010